Fentanyl Addiction Treatment at MARC
Fentanyl addiction often begins unnoticed, taking you in with its potent grip before you fully comprehend its danger. What might have started as prescribed pain management or seemingly harmless experimentation can rapidly descend into a life-threatening dependency. For those in the clutches of fentanyl addiction, every moment revolves around obtaining and using the drug.
At MARC, we recognize the complicated nature of fentanyl dependence and its far-reaching effects on people and their loved ones. Our treatment philosophy is built on a foundation of empathy, providing the support, tools, and expertise needed to navigate the challenging but rewarding path to recovery.
Amanda Stevens
Dr. Po-Chang Hsu, M.D., M.S.
Amanda Stevens
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Key points
- Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid initially developed for severe pain management but is now a major contributor to the opioid crisis.
- Fentanyl use quickly leads to tolerance, increasing the risk of overdose and severe withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
- Fentanyl has dramatically increased in prevalence, with over 70,000 overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids in 2022. Its presence in other drugs like heroin and cocaine further heightens overdose risks.
- Treatment options include Extended Care programs combining Partial Hospitalization with structured living, Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP), Outpatient Programs (OP), sober living facilities, family programs, and alumni programs to support long-term recovery. These approaches address both addiction and co-occurring mental health disorders.
What Is Fentanyl?
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine.[1] Initially developed for pain management in cancer patients, it has become a significant contributor to the opioid crisis due to its potency and widespread illicit production.
Fentanyl typically appears as a white powder or in tablet form, but it can also be found in patches, lozenges, or liquid form. Users may ingest, inject, or absorb it through the skin, with each method posing significant risks due to the drug’s extreme potency.
In the United States, fentanyl is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act.[2] While this Schedule II status acknowledges fentanyl’s legitimate medical applications, it also recognizes the drug’s dangerous nature and high potential for misuse.
Fentanyl’s extreme potency and rapid onset of action contribute to its high risk for addiction and overdose. When consumed, it binds strongly to opioid receptors, triggering an intense flood of dopamine. This results in a powerful euphoric high and significant pain relief, but also carries a high risk of respiratory depression.
The drug’s profound effects on the brain’s reward system can lead to physical dependence and addiction even with minimal use.[3] Its potency makes it particularly dangerous, as even tiny amounts can be lethal, especially when users are unaware of its presence in other drugs. This combination of factors makes fentanyl one of the most hazardous substances in the current drug landscape, requiring specialized treatment approaches and heightened public awareness to combat its devastating impact.
The Effects of Fentanyl Addiction and Abuse
Fentanyl addiction and abuse can have profound and far-reaching consequences on a person’s life. The effects are often severe due to the drug’s potency and the rapid onset of physical dependence.[4]
Physical Effects
- Respiratory depression: Even small doses can slow breathing, potentially leading to hypoxia, coma, or death.
- Constipation: Severe and chronic constipation is common among opioid users.
- Nausea and vomiting: Frequent side effects that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
- Drowsiness and sedation: Impairs cognitive function and increases risk of accidents.
- Increased risk of infectious diseases: For those who inject the drug, there’s a higher risk of HIV, hepatitis C, and other blood-borne illnesses.
Psychological Effects
- Depression and anxiety: Chronic use can exacerbate or trigger mood disorders.
- Cognitive impairment: Long-term use may affect memory, attention, and decision-making abilities.
- Increased risk of co-occurring mental health disorders: Can worsen pre-existing conditions or contribute to the development of new ones.
Fentanyl use quickly leads to tolerance, requiring increasing amounts to achieve the same effect. This escalation dramatically increases the risk of overdose. Physical dependence develops rapidly, resulting in severe withdrawal symptoms when use is discontinued.
Recovery from fentanyl and opioid use disorder is possible, but often requires professional help to navigate the challenges of withdrawal and address the underlying factors contributing to addiction.
Fentanyl Quick Reference Chart
| Drug Category | Commercial & Street Names | DEA Schedule | DEA Schedule |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opioids | Apache, dance fever, goodfella, jackpot, murder 8, TNT | Schedule II | Injection, smoking, snorting |
How Common is Fentanyl?
Fentanyl has emerged as a significant part in the ongoing opioid crisis, with its prevalence increasing dramatically in recent years. While fentanyl has legitimate medical uses, primarily for severe pain management in healthcare settings, its illicit production and distribution have skyrocketed, leading to a surge in overdose deaths and public health concerns.
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl, were involved in over 70,000 overdose deaths in 2022 alone.[5] This marks a significant increase from previous years and underscores fentanyl’s role as the primary driver of overdose fatalities in the United States. What makes fentanyl particularly dangerous is its frequent presence in other illicit drugs. Users of heroin, cocaine, and even counterfeit prescription pills may unknowingly ingest fentanyl, dramatically increasing their risk of opioid overdose.
The widespread nature of fentanyl, both in its prescribed and illicit forms, coupled with its presence as an adulterant in other substances, has created a complex and dangerous landscape in the current drug crisis. This pervasive threat underscores the critical need for continued public health interventions, increased awareness campaigns, and accessible treatment options to combat the impact of fentanyl on communities across the nation.
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What Are the Types of Treatment for Fentanyl Addiction?
Opioid addiction is a serious condition that requires comprehensive care. There are several treatment options available, which are often used in combination to provide the most effective results:
programs offer an intensive level of treatment, combining a Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) with structured living arrangements. This approach provides full-time, comprehensive care addressing both substance use and co-occurring mental health disorders. The focus is on developing crucial coping strategies, life skills, and support systems necessary for long-term recovery and a fulfilling life free from fentanyl dependence.
provide structured treatment several times a week while allowing patients to live at home or in sober living facilities. These programs typically include group therapy sessions, individual counseling, and education on addiction and recovery, specifically tailored to address the challenges of fentanyl addiction.
offer a less intensive option, providing regular therapy sessions and support while allowing individuals to maintain their daily responsibilities. This can be particularly beneficial for those transitioning from more intensive care or those with milder forms of addiction.
facilities provide a drug-free environment and peer support for those transitioning from intensive treatment back to independent living. This step can be particularly important for those recovering from fentanyl addiction, as it offers a supportive bridge between treatment and everyday life.
are essential in fentanyl addiction treatment, recognizing the profound impact of drug use on families. These programs offer education, counseling, and support to help heal relationships and create a supportive home environment conducive to recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions About Fentanyl Addiction Treatment
Fentanyl detoxification involves managing withdrawal symptoms that can be severe and uncomfortable. Due to fentanyl's potency, detox should be conducted under medical supervision to ensure safety and provide necessary support. Symptoms typically include intense cravings, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, insomnia, and more. Medical professionals may administer medications to ease withdrawal symptoms and monitor vital signs throughout the process.
Yes, integrated treatment approaches address both fentanyl addiction and co-occurring mental health disorders effectively. Many individuals with substance use disorders like fentanyl addiction also struggle with conditions such as depression, anxiety, or PTSD. Treatment programs incorporate therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and medications that address both addiction and mental health symptoms. This comprehensive approach enhances overall recovery outcomes by addressing all aspects of a person's well-being.
Encouraging someone to seek treatment for fentanyl addiction is crucial, even if initially refused. It's important to approach the conversation with empathy and understanding, expressing concerns about their health and well-being. Professional intervention strategies, such as involving a trusted healthcare provider or addiction specialist, can help provide information about treatment options and motivate the individual to reconsider. Persistent support and encouragement from loved ones can also play a significant role in helping someone overcome their hesitation and take steps toward recovery.
[1] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021, June). Fentanyl drug facts. National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Health. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl on July 22, 2024
[2] United States Drug Enforcement Administration. (2021, April 29). Facts about Fentanyl. Www.dea.gov. https://www.dea.gov/resources/facts-about-fentanyl on July 22, 2024
[3] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021, June). Fentanyl drug facts. National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Health. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl on July 22, 2024
[4] DEA. (2020). What Is Fentanyl? https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Fentanyl-2020_0.pdf on July 22, 2024
[5] National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2024, May 14). Drug Overdose Death Rates. National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates on July 22, 2024
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